What component is responsible for the breakdown of barley compounds into nutrients that feed the embryo?

The aleurone layer is crucial for the breakdown of barley compounds into nutrients that nourish the embryo during germination. This layer is located just beneath the outer hull of the grain and plays a significant role in the malting process. When barley is soaked in water, enzymes are activated in the aleurone layer, which then breaks down starches and proteins present in the grain. This enzymatic activity produces sugars, amino acids, and other nutrients that the embryo uses for growth.

In contrast, the husk primarily provides protection and serves as a physical barrier but does not have a role in nutrient breakdown. The scutellum, while involved in nutrient absorption, primarily supports the embryo and does not directly contribute to breaking down the compounds. The embryo itself relies on the nutrients provided by the aleurone layer and does not perform the breakdown function. Thus, the aleurone layer's enzymatic activity is integral to the germination process, making it the key component responsible for nutrient transformation in barley.