What is the fermentation profile of bottom-fermenting yeast?

Bottom-fermenting yeast, also known as lager yeast, typically ferments at lower temperatures compared to top-fermenting yeast (ale yeast). The optimal fermentation temperature for bottom-fermenting yeast usually ranges from about 45°F to 55°F (7°C to 13°C). This cooler fermentation temperature is crucial as it allows for a clean fermentation profile, resulting in beers that often have a crisp and refreshing character, characteristic of lagers.

Fermenting at lower temperatures helps to minimize the production of esters and phenols, which can contribute fruity and spicy flavors. Instead, bottom-fermenting yeast produces a more subdued flavor profile, making this type of yeast ideal for lagers and other beer styles that prioritize a clean taste. This specific fermentation profile is essential for achieving the desired characteristics of many traditional lager styles.