What stimulates enzyme production during the germination process?

During the germination process, the scutellum, which is part of the seed's embryo, plays a critical role in stimulating the production of enzymes necessary for breaking down stored food reserves. As germination begins, the scutellum releases hormones that signal the seed to activate various biochemical pathways, including the synthesis of enzymes such as amylases and proteases. These enzymes are pivotal for converting starches and proteins into simpler sugars and amino acids that the developing plant can utilize for growth.

Moisture absorption is also essential for germination, as water activates the seed's metabolic processes, but it does not directly stimulate enzyme production like the hormones from the scutellum do. Temperature fluctuations can influence germination timing and speed, but they are not the primary trigger for enzyme synthesis. Starch granules are the substrates that enzymes will act upon once they are produced, but they do not stimulate their production.

Thus, the hormones released by the scutellum are central to initiating the enzyme production needed for successful germination and plant growth, making this option the correct choice.